BuddhistSolutionforEnvironmentalIssues
佛教对环境问题的解决之道
李重硕教授/Prof.HwaryeongLee(韩国/Korea)
Director,CentralEducationCenterofBuddhistChongjiOrder/
韩国佛教摠持宗中央教育院长
Today,thenaturaldisasterscausedbyenvironmentalpollutionarethreateningthesurvivalofhumanbeings.Theslogansbysocialorganizationsorgovernmentsarenotpowerlessinpreventingofsuchdisasters.Humanbeingsmustgropefortheultimatesolutionforenvironmentpollution.Otherwise,humanbeingswillsoonreceivetheentirekarmaeffectsfromwhattheyhavedone.Suchkarmaeffectswillbringlossoflivesandfortune,shortageoffoodandwater,andvariousdiseases.
WeshouldfindoutthesolutionfromBuddhisminordertopreventsuchdisasters.Buddhistphilosophy,whichemphasizescoexistence,willprovidephilosophicalfoundationaswellasconcretemethodtopreventenvironmentalpollutionandsavetheearth.
TheBuddhadidnotmentionaboutenvironmentalpollutionorsolutionforit,fortherewasnodestructionofnatureorenvironmentalproblemcausedbysuchdestruction.However,ifwelookforconcretemethodbasedonthespiritofcompassion,toprotectnaturalenvironment,wecanrecognizethatfollowingtheBuddha’steachingisnootherthanprotectingofnatureandlivingtogetherwithit,andthatthewayoflifeassuchisalsothewaytoprotectenvironment.
TheBuddhaalreadytaughtusthroughthedoctrineofco-existencehowwecancoexisttogetherwithnature.Thereupon,Buddhistsbelievethattheyhavetoloveallsentientbeingsandletthemnottohaveanyfears,thattheyhavetokeeptheirlivesinfrugalityforthebenefitofallsentientbeings,andthattheyarecautiousnottospendwastefully.Weshouldknowthroughthedoctrineofdependentoriginationthatnatureisnotwhatexistforourexploitation,butwhatsupportsourlivesandthusshouldcoexistwithus.
Itistruethatman’sdesireisthedrivingforceofhumancivilizationintoday.Menhavepursuedmaterialsatisfactionratherthaninternalhappiness.Theytriedtoproducewealthasmuchastheycaninordertosatisfytheirdesire.Thefundamentalcauseofenvironmentalpollutionalsocomesfromhere.Ifentirehumanbeingsabandontheirdesireandpursefrugallife,theirwastesareminimizedandarealsodestructionofenvironment.
IfweBuddhistsunderstand,throughthetruthofdependentorigination,thenecessityofcoexistence,practiceitinoureverydaylife,moderateourdesire,havecompassion,andsavealllivesandresources,environmentwillbeprotectedandthepeaceoftheworldwillberealized.
Therefore,environmentissueswillbegintoberesolved,whenweunderstandtheBuddha’steachingandpracticemoderateandfrugallife.
ImplementingBuddhismInaWorld’sProgressive,Just,SustainableandLowCarbonDevelopmentModel
国际环保经验与佛教徒的责任
MyThiNguyen
(Vietnam/越南；Australia/澳洲)
ChiefAdvisorofSMEC/EnvironmentalProtectionSpecialist/
SMEC的首席环保顾问/环保专家
ABSTRACT:
ThepresentationanalysesthefundamentalteachingsandprinciplesofBuddhismandthepracticesofBhikkhusBhikkhunisSanghasandBuddhistlaypeople.Thisiscomparedtothefundamental4R’s(Reduce,Re-use,RecycleandRenewableenergy)principlestheClean/AlternativeLowCarbonrequirementsforaprogressive,justandsustainabledevelopmentworld-wide.
ThefocusisthendirectedattheopportunitiespresentlyavailablethatBuddhistmenwomentheBuddhistSanghasindevelopedanddevelopingcountriescanactivelyparticipateindevelopingandimplementingenergyefficientandprogressive,justandsustainableprojects.Theobviousadvantagesoftheparticipationandexpectedoutcomesarethecarryon-wardinthedailycontinuationoftherighteouspracticesofsustainabilityandlonglastingchangesinthementality,themoralandintellectualattitudesofsocietyandinpiduals.
INTRODUCTION
For2600yearstherehasbeenawide-spread,sustainableandculturedBuddhistcivilizationacrossmanycountriesandworldterritories.Theteachinghadbeenpracticedbythewholespectrumofsociety,fromthehighest(kingsandeducated,upperclass)tolowestclassesoflaymenwomenasthecitizenmassesofsocieties.Buddhistfundamentalteachingprinciplesandthepracticingof6harmonicalprinciplesforlivinginharmonyatBuddhisttemplesillustratetheexamplesoflivinginsharingcaring.Thetemplesandgardensarchitecturaldesignconstruction(withtallboddhitrees)providesthephysical,mentalandspiritualsheltersformillionsinhabitantalloverplacesonearth.
Overtherecentdecadesashumankindarethreatenedwiththeenvironmentalcrisistosavetheearthplanetwithallitslivingspeciesfromchaineddestructions,consequentlytherearemanyprominentBuddhistteachingmasters,distinguishedscholarsandrenownedresearchinstitutionsworld-widehavepublishedandvoicedtheurgentneedstobringBuddhismintomeetingtheflighthead-on.
TheauthorattemptstolookintotheWHAT,WHYANDHOWBUDDHISMANDBUDDHISTPEOPLEINCLUDINGTHESANGHASCANHELPSOLVETHECRISISfromtheperspectivesoftechnicalviewpoint.
CONCLUSION:
Buddhismhasapproachedinpiduals,communitiesandcountriesthroughvariousmeans,forms,causesandconcurs.Byactivelyparticipateinpracticalactivitiesinthejointeffortwithmanyinpiduals,organizationsorcorporationsforlocal,nationalandworld-widedevelopments,BuddhismwillitselfstepfurtherandgodeeperintothepracticinganddemonstratingtheBuddhistTeachings.ThefeedbacksresultedfromtheworkarethedemonstratedvaluesofBuddhismtothesociety.Throughthisalonglastingchangesinthementality,themoralandintellectualattitudesofsocietyandinpidualswillbeconvertedtothesameobjectives
气候变迁的冲击与调适
ClimateChange,ImpactandAdaptation
简又新
台湾永续能源基金会董事长
Abstract
半个世纪以来，气候变迁及地球暖化，造成灾害频传，包括热浪、暴雨、干旱等各种极端气候不断上演，并环环相扣，而格陵兰等冰川大面积融化使得海平面上升，迫使小岛国家面临生存危机。连台湾也深受极端气候所害，无情的八八风灾是台湾人一辈子的阴影。随着影响范围日渐扩大，整个世界在能源、水资源、粮食都将产生严重失调。亚洲开发银行(ADB:AsianDevelopmentBank)日前发表的一项研究结果就指出，如果继续忽视气候变迁问题，亚太国家将面临粮食和能源短缺、贫穷问题恶化与作物不断减收等后果。这些气候衍生之问题不仅只会在电视新闻上被报导，它会真实的在每个人生活周遭发生。
Duringthepasthalfcentury,climatechangeandglobalwarminghavecausedfrequentdisasterssuchasheatwaves,heavyrains,anddroughts;allthesedisastersarecloselyconnected.ThemeltingofglaciersinGreenlandiscausingsealeveltoriseandthreateningthesurvivalofislandnations.Taiwanisalsoseverelyinfluencedbyextremeclimates,the88FloodwillhauntTaiwanesepeoplelifelong.Withtheincreaseoftheaffectedarea,therewillbeworldwideimbalanceinenergyresources,waterresources,andfoodsupplies.TheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)recentlyreleasedaresearchthatindicates,ifclimatechangecontinuestobeignored,AsianPacificcountrieswillsufferconsequencessuchasshortageinfoodandenergy,worsenedpovertyproblems,andcontinualreductionofcropyield.Theseclimatechangerelatedissueswillnotjustbebroadcastingontelevisionnews;theywilltakeplacearoundeveryone.
根据?合国气候变化纲要公约(UNFCCC:UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange)所提出之应对气候变迁的方式为：“减量”与“调适”。未来全世界将会限制化石燃料等的使用量，迈入低碳经济时代，此蕴含着新兴产业革命机遇与时代的到来，是项挑战，更是个机会，我们应紧抓住这个剧变中之机遇，扭转时势。好比英国从18世纪中叶带动全球第一波工业革命后，经济实力先继被美、中、德、日所超越，不过，英国人仍不放弃再崛起之机会，当全世界把地球暖化视为世纪大威胁时，英国人却把它视为新的机会，盼再创低碳新经济革命。
AccordingtotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC),reductionandadaptationareconsideredassolutionforfightingagainstthethreatofclimatechange.Inthefuture,theworldwillrestrictpetroleumfuelconsumption,andenteranageoflowcarboneconomy.Thisimpliesthearrivalofanewindustrialrevolution.Itwillbeachallengeaswellasanopportunity.Wemustseizetheopportunityduringthisgreatchange.Duringthemid18thcentury,GreatBritaintooktheleadofthefirstwaveoftheIndustrialRevolution,butitseconomicstrengthwassubsequentlysurpassedbytheUnitedStates,China,Germany,andJapan.However,theBritishdidnotgiveuponregainingtheedge;astheworldlookuponglobalwarmingasagreatthreatofthecentury,theBritishconsidersitanewopportunityandaimstolaunchalowcarboneconomyrevolution.
除了产业上的改变外，个人习惯的“调适”也是至关重要的。台湾的环境与经济未来面对气候变迁灾难之冲击似乎是无可避免，而根本解决之道在于社会大众意识的觉醒，我们必须改变过去的生活习惯，选择简朴永续之生活型态，齐心携手解决这一世纪最大问题，努力将各种冲击降到最低，为下一代的未来争取最大生机。
Otherthanindustrialandeconomicchanges,personaladaptationisalsocrucial.DisasterscausedbyclimatechangewillhaveinevitableimpactontheenvironmentandeconomyofTaiwan;thesolutionrestsuponpublicawareness.Wemustchangeourhabitsandchooseasustainablewayofliving.Wemustsolvethegreatestproblemofthiscenturytogether,worktominimizeitsimpact,andhelpthenextgenerationsurvive.
千年的寂寞心是生命的主宰，心是生命的坐标，心是生命的源头，心是生命的终结。
千姿百态的世界发轫于千变万化的心，千人各面也离不开千奇百怪的心态。
佛心如镜，山来显山，水来显水。来者不拒，去者不留。
凡心如猿，六根放纵，向外驰骋。顺境贪着，逆缘嗔怒。
动中不查觉，心意迷乱。阻隔外缘，顿见其忐忑不安、左右飘忽。
耐住寂寞、安于平淡，说起来轻描淡写，可事到临头，透过能有几人。
选择寂寞，享受孤独，的确乃大丈夫所为，需要直面人生，刺透两边，当下承当的精神。
人世间，终日忙碌辛苦究竟为什么，还不是为了解决内心的孤单。饮食男女，衣食住行，表面上可以缓解一些痛苦，可是恰如饮酒止渴，徒增疲劳罢了。
那天，有人突然说起僧团要耐住寂寞，千年的寂寞。我说这个世间最后的一道寂寞风景线必然是宗教，当法律、道德、正义、伦理纷纷落马的时候，谁还能为人类的行为启示，谁还会为世间留下点清凉，我实在想象不出，除了宗教还能有什么。
标签：